Reminding the Quraysh of the Destruction of earlier Disbelieving Nations
Allah the Exalted warns the disbelievers of Quraysh and reminds them of the punishment and painful torment that He sent in this life on their likes, who disbelieved before them. For instance, Allah the Exalted punished the people of Nuh by drowning them in the encompassing flood that touched all the people of earth. There is also the end that struck the people of Ar-Rass, and we mentioned their story before in Surat Al-Furqan,
وَثَمُودُوَعَادٌ وَفِرْعَوْنُ وَإِخْوَنُ لُوطٍ
(...and Thamud, and `Ad, and Fir`awn, and the brethren of Lut,) the people of Sadum (Sodom) and the surrounding areas, to whom Lut was sent. Allah the Exalted shook the earth beneath them and turned their area into a reeking lake, as stinking as the disbelief, tyranny and defiance of the Truth that they had,
The nation of ` Ad was proverbial in their size, physical strength and power as well as the strength that came to them in the wake of their children. Holy Prophet Hud (علیہ السلام) was sent to them. Eventually, they were annihilated by the Divine punishment of a wind storm.
Fir'aun
This is the title of the Egyptian king (The Pharaoh) notorious for his tyranny.
Brothers of Lut
It means the community of the Prophet Lut (علیہ السلام) whose story is narrated several times in the Qur'an.
Tazkirul Quran
Maulana Wahiduddin KhanOn ayahs 11–14
The meaningfulness of the universe, its creative wisdom, its being free of shortcomings, and its being consistent with human needs compel every thinking and rational man to accept the sublimity of creation, and one who gives serious consideration to the system of the universe, will find the Creator in His creations. He will see a glimpse of the other world (the Hereafter) in this world, because, in fact, the world of the Hereafter is essentially another, more superior form of the present world.
Uthmani text of the Madinah mushaf (King Fahd Complex). Translation: Saheeh International. Tafsir via Quran.com.